What is an ultrasound and when is it recommended?
An ultrasound scan (sonography) uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of organs and tissues inside the body. It does not use ionizing radiation, is usually painless, and allows the radiologist to assess an organ's size, shape, structure, and—in Doppler examinations—blood flow in real time.
Ultrasound may be requested for abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, urinary symptoms, menstrual changes, thyroid or breast concerns, a soft-tissue lump, and pregnancy monitoring. The correct preparation depends on the organ and the type of scan.
What can an ultrasound show?
Ultrasound can examine the abdominal organs, kidneys and bladder, pelvic organs, thyroid, breasts, soft tissues, and blood vessels. During pregnancy it is used to assess the pregnancy's location and gestational age, fetal growth and anatomy, heartbeat, placenta, amniotic fluid, and blood flow when indicated.
An ultrasound report must be interpreted alongside your symptoms, examination, and laboratory results. A normal scan cannot exclude every condition, while a finding on ultrasound does not automatically mean a serious diagnosis.
How should I prepare for an abdominal ultrasound?
For many abdominal scans, you may be asked not to eat for 6–8 hours. Food and bowel gas can reduce image quality, and eating causes the gallbladder to contract. A small amount of water and essential medication are often allowed, but always follow the instructions provided by the clinic.
- Avoid a very large, fatty, or gas-producing meal the day before;
- Do not smoke or chew gum shortly before the scan;
- If you have diabetes or must take medication with food, agree on a safe plan beforehand;
- Bring previous ultrasound reports and other relevant test results.
For more detail, read about abdominal ultrasound preparation and indications.
Preparing for a pelvic or urinary tract ultrasound
A transabdominal pelvic or bladder ultrasound often requires a full bladder. Patients are commonly asked to drink water about an hour before the appointment and avoid urinating. The exact amount varies, so follow your individual instructions.
A transvaginal ultrasound is usually performed with an empty bladder and can provide more detailed views of the uterus and ovaries. The clinician chooses the approach according to the clinical question and the patient's circumstances.
Does pregnancy ultrasound require preparation?
Early transabdominal pregnancy ultrasound may require a comfortably full bladder, while a transvaginal scan is usually done after emptying it. Later pregnancy scans often need no special preparation. Bring your pregnancy records, previous scans, and the first day of your last menstrual period if known.
If you have pain, bleeding, or another urgent symptom, do not delay assessment merely to complete routine preparation—contact your care team and follow their advice.
How long does it take and is ultrasound safe?
Most examinations take approximately 15–30 minutes, depending on the area and findings. Ultrasound does not expose you to X-rays. It should still be performed for a medical purpose, by a qualified professional, using the output and examination time needed to answer the clinical question. Learn more in Is ultrasound safe and does it use radiation?
When should you see radiologist Lana Ezieshvili?
A reliable examination depends on more than the ultrasound machine: experience, a systematic protocol, and understanding the clinical question are essential. Radiologist Lana Ezieshvili performs ultrasound examinations in several diagnostic areas and explains the findings in clear language.
If you have symptoms, a referral, or need scheduled monitoring, contact the clinic to confirm preparation. Use the form below to book an appointment with Lana Ezieshvili—the right examination and correct preparation help produce a more informative result.