What should you know?
An endometrial polyp is a focal overgrowth of the uterine lining. Most are benign, but they may cause abnormal bleeding and can sometimes affect fertility.
Importance depends on age, symptoms, size and menopausal status. Definitive diagnosis is commonly obtained after hysteroscopic removal and pathology.
Common symptoms and signs
- Bleeding between periods
- Heavy or irregular menstruation
- Bleeding after intercourse or after menopause
- Difficulty conceiving in some patients
Diagnosis and the role of ultrasound
A polyp may appear as focal endometrial thickening with a feeding vessel on Doppler. Saline sonography outlines the cavity, while hysteroscopy can diagnose and remove the lesion.
- Size and attachment site
- Single versus multiple lesions
- Overall endometrial thickness
- Distinction from a submucosal fibroid
Treatment and next steps
Observation can be reasonable for a small asymptomatic polyp in selected patients. Bleeding, infertility, menopause or concerning features often lead to hysteroscopic removal and histology.
When is urgent care needed?
- Heavy bleeding or anemia symptoms
- Any bleeding after menopause
- Positive pregnancy test with pain or bleeding