What should you know?
Fetal growth restriction means a fetus is not reaching its growth potential because of placental, maternal or fetal factors. Not every small fetus is unwell; some are constitutionally small.
Assessment uses estimated fetal weight, abdominal circumference, percentiles and growth over time. A value below the 10th percentile prompts evaluation but is interpreted with Doppler and the full clinical picture.
Common symptoms and signs
- Uterine size measuring smaller than expected
- Low estimated weight or abdominal circumference on ultrasound
- No noticeable maternal symptom in many cases
- Reduced fetal movement in some pregnancies
Diagnosis and the role of ultrasound
Serial ultrasound evaluates biometry, estimated weight, fluid and growth velocity. Umbilical artery Doppler is central to assessing placental resistance and risk of deterioration.
- EFW and abdominal-circumference percentiles
- Interval growth
- Amniotic fluid volume
- Umbilical and other Doppler parameters when indicated
Treatment and next steps
Surveillance frequency and delivery timing depend on gestational age, severity, Doppler findings and other complications. Decisions should be made by the obstetric care team.
When is urgent care needed?
- Reduced or absent fetal movement
- Severe headache, visual change or high blood pressure
- Bleeding, leaking fluid or regular contractions