What should you know?
Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining is found outside the uterus, commonly involving the ovaries and pelvic surfaces. The amount of disease does not always match pain severity.
Ultrasound can identify ovarian endometriomas and many signs of deep endometriosis, but a normal scan does not exclude superficial disease. Clinical history remains essential.
Common symptoms and signs
- Period pain that limits normal activity
- Chronic pelvic or lower-back pain
- Pain during intercourse, urination or bowel movements
- Difficulty conceiving or an ovarian cyst
Diagnosis and the role of ultrasound
A targeted transvaginal scan evaluates the ovaries, organ mobility, tender areas and possible deep lesions. MRI or laparoscopic assessment may be considered in selected cases.
- Endometrioma size and appearance
- Ovarian mobility and adhesion signs
- Possible sites of deep disease
- Coexisting adenomyosis or other causes
Treatment and next steps
Treatment aims to control pain, preserve fertility and limit disease impact. Options include pain relief, hormonal therapy and, for selected patients, surgery.
When is urgent care needed?
- Sudden severe pain with vomiting
- Heavy bleeding, fainting or marked weakness
- Positive pregnancy test with one-sided pain or bleeding